Interior designer Lisa Bonneville, American Society of Interior Designers Fellow in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass., and author of a new book on designing a safe home, cautions homeowners that maintaining safety is an ongoing process. She suggests creating a maintenance plan that details what to check, when to check it, and a regular cleaning schedule. These will help you identify items that may need replacing or repair.

A comprehensive maintenance plan needs to address all three areas of home safety: health, injury and security. Falls and fires are the most common hazards in the home, and preventing them should be your highest priority. A fire extinguisher in good operating condition should be ready-to-hand in the kitchen, garage, workshop and any room where there is an open flame, such as from a fireplace, wood burning stove or candles. Test smoke alarms and replace batteries, if needed. Consider installing an alarm system with fire and carbon monoxide alarms that are monitored around the clock. 

If you use a fireplace, keep children and pets away from the hearth and tools. Be aware that fumes and smoke from a fireplace may be drawn back into the house if exhaust fans are being used in the kitchen or bathroom while a fire is burning.  Adding glass doors to a fireplace helps protect against flying cinders and reduces back drafting.

Slippery surfaces are a major cause of falls in the home. Keep tile and linoleum floors dry, and secure the edges of area rugs with carpet tape so they do not slide when stepped on. Doorways should be unobstructed and able to fully open in both directions. Check steps, stairs and banisters for wear or weaknesses.  Uncarpeted stairs should have nonskid treads or tape. Avoid using patterned carpet on stairs, as it does not provide enough contrast to distinguish one step from the next, and make sure stairwells are well lit at all hours.

Humans are not the only creatures that do not like the cold. Rodents, birds and insects enter homes, damage structure and create unhealthy environments by spreading disease, droppings, dander, and eating wood, insulation, food, water and the like. Keep them out in order to preserve a safe and healthy home. Pest-proof your home by closing up openings in the foundation, walls, doors, windows and attic. Cover vents with mesh, and block areas under porches, steps and elevated foundations with mesh wire to keep animals from nesting in unreachable areas. Store firewood away from the house, and secure lids on garbage cans and other receptacles.